Set up the Instant Pot: Place a steamer basket or metal trivet inside the stainless steel insert of a 6-quart Instant Pot. Pour in 1 cup of cold water, making sure the water sits below the steamer basket.
1 cup cold water
Prepare the potatoes: Peel the russet potatoes and cut them into evenly sized 1- to 2-inch pieces. Arrange the potatoes in the steamer basket, keeping them above the water.
4 pounds russet potatoes
Pressure cook for 8 minutes: Secure the lid and turn the steam release valve to the Sealing position. Select Pressure Cook (or Manual) and set to High Pressure for 8 minutes. Note: Allow approximately 15 minutes for the Instant Pot to build pressure before the cooking timer begins.
Release the pressure: When the cooking time is complete, carefully turn the valve to Venting for an immediate quick release. Once all pressure has escaped and the float valve drops, remove the lid. Carefully lift the steamer basket out of the Instant Pot.
Rest the potatoes: Allow the potatoes to rest in the basket for 1-2 minutes so excess steam and moisture can escape and drain away. Discard the cooking water and wipe the stainless steel insert dry. Return the cooked potatoes to the pot.
Partially mash the potatoes: Using a potato masher, gently mash the hot potatoes until they're about halfway mashed, with some small chunks remaining. Avoid mashing them completely smooth at this stage.
Warm the butter, milk, and sour cream: Add the butter, whole milk, and sour cream to a small saucepan over medium-low heat. Stir occasionally until the butter has melted and the mixture is smooth and warm. Do not allow it to boil.
1 cup (2 sticks) butter, 1 cup whole milk, 1 cup full-fat sour cream
Finish mashing and season: Set the Instant Pot to Keep Warm. Pour the warmed dairy mixture over the partially mashed potatoes and continue mashing gently until the butter and dairy are fully incorporated and the potatoes reach your desired consistency. For thinner mashed potatoes, add a little additional warm milk.
Season and serve: Add approximately 1 teaspoon of kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste. Adjust the seasoning as needed. Serve immediately with extra butter and sliced green onions or chives, if desired.
1 teaspoon kosher salt, Freshly ground black pepper, Sliced green onions or chives